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- @.TH XSERVER 1 "Release 4" "X Version 11"
- .SH NAME
- X - X Window System server
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .B X
- [:displaynumber] [-option ...] [ttyname]
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- .I X
- is the generic name for the X Window System server. It is frequently a link
- or a copy of the appropriate server binary for driving the most frequently
- used server on a given machine. The sample server from MIT supports the
- following platforms:
- .sp
- .ta 1.25in
- .in +4
- .nf
- Xqvss Digital monochrome vaxstationII or II
- Xqdss Digital color vaxstationII or II
- Xsun Sun monochrome or color Sun 2, 3, or 4
- Xibm IBM AED, APA and megapel PC/RT, 8514 and VGA PS/2 model 80
- Xapollo Apollo monochrome or color (Domain/OS SR10.1 or SR10.2)
- Xhp HP Topcat 9000s300
- XmacII Apple monochrome Macintosh II
- Xcfbpmax Digital color DECstation 3100
- Xmfbpmax Digital monochrome DECstation 3100
- Xtek Tektronix 4319 (this is the only tested configuration)
- .fi
- .in -4
- .SH "STARTING THE SERVER"
- The server is usually started from the X Display Manager program \fIxdm\fP.
- This utility is run from the system boot files and takes care of keeping
- the server running, prompting for usernames and passwords, and starting up
- the user sessions. It is easily configured for sites that wish to provide
- nice, consistent interfaces for novice users (loading convenient sets of
- resources, starting up a window manager, clock, and nice selection of
- terminal emulator windows).
- .PP
- Since \fIxdm\fP now handles automatic starting of the server in a portable
- way, the \fI-L\fP option to \fIxterm\fP is now considered obsolete. Support
- for starting a login window from 4.3bsd-derived \fI/etc/ttys\fP files
- is no longer included.
- .PP
- Installations that run more than one window system will still need to use the
- \fIxinit\fP utility. However, \fIxinit\fP is to be considered a tool for
- building startup scripts and is not intended for use by end users. Site
- administrators are \fBstrongly\fP urged to build nicer interfaces for novice
- users.
- .PP
- When the sample server starts up, it takes over the display. If you
- are running on a workstation whose console is the display, you cannot log into
- the console while the server is running.
- .SH "NETWORK CONNECTIONS"
- The sample server supports connections made using the following reliable
- byte-streams:
- .TP 4
- .I TCP\/IP
- .br
- The server listens on port htons(6000+\fIn\fP), where \fIn\fP is the
- display number.
- .TP 4
- .I "Sprite Pdevs"
- In Sprite,
- the sample server creates a pseudo-device \fI/hosts/\fBhostname\fP/X\fBn\fR,
- where \fIn\fP is the display number.
- .TP 4
- .I "DECnet"
- .br
- The server responds to connections to object \fIX$X\fBn\fR, where \fIn\fP
- is the display number. This is not supported in all environments.
- .SH OPTIONS
- All of the sample servers accept the following command line options:
- .TP 8
- .B \-a \fInumber\fP
- sets pointer acceleration (i.e. the ratio of how much is reported to how much
- the user actually moved the pointer).
- .TP 8
- .B \-auth \fIauthorization-file\fP
- Specifies a file which contains a collection of authorization records used
- to authenticate access.
- .TP 8
- .B bc
- disables certain kinds of error checking, for bug compatibility with
- previous releases (e.g., to work around bugs in R2 and R3 xterms and toolkits).
- Deprecated.
- .TP 8
- .B \-bs
- disables backing store support on all screens.
- .TP 8
- .B \-c
- turns off key-click.
- .TP 8
- .B c \fIvolume\fP
- sets key-click volume (allowable range: 0-100).
- .TP 8
- .B -cc \fIclass\fP
- sets the visual class for the root window of color screens.
- The class numbers are as specified in the X protocol.
- Not obeyed by all servers.
- .TP 8
- .B \-co \fIfilename\fP
- sets name of RGB color database.
- .TP 8
- .B \-dpi \fIresolution\fP
- sets the resolution of the screen, in dots per inch.
- To be used when the server cannot determine the screen size from the hardware.
- .TP 8
- .B \-f \fIvolume\fP
- sets feep (bell) volume (allowable range: 0-100).
- .TP 8
- .B \-fc \fIcursorFont\fP
- sets default cursor font.
- .TP 8
- .B \-fn \fIfont\fP
- sets the default font.
- .TP 8
- .B \-fp \fIfontPath\fP
- sets the search path for fonts. This path is a comma separated list of
- directories which the sample server searches for font databases.
- .TP 8
- .B \-help
- prints a usage message.
- .TP 8
- .B \-I
- causes all remaining command line arguments to be ignored.
- .TP 8
- .B \-ld \fIkilobytes\fP
- sets the data space limit of the server to the specified number of kilobytes.
- The default value is zero, making the data size as large as possible. A value
- of -1 leaves the data space limit unchanged. This option is not available in
- all operating systems.
- .TP 8
- .B \-ls \fIkilobytes\fP
- sets the stack space limit of the server to the specified number of kilobytes.
- The default value is zero, making the stack size as large as possible. A value
- of -1 leaves the stack space limit unchanged. This option is not available in
- all operating systems.
- .TP 8
- .B \-logo
- turns on the X Window System logo display in the screen-saver.
- There is currently no way to change this from a client.
- .TP 8
- .B nologo
- turns off the X Window System logo display in the screen-saver.
- There is currently no way to change this from a client.
- .TP 8
- .B \-p \fIminutes\fP
- sets screen-saver pattern cycle time in minutes.
- .TP 8
- .B \-r
- turns off auto-repeat.
- .TP 8
- .B r
- turns on auto-repeat.
- .TP 8
- .B \-s \fIminutes\fP
- sets screen-saver timeout time in minutes.
- .TP 8
- .B \-su
- disables save under support on all screens.
- .TP 8
- .B \-t \fInumber\fP
- sets pointer acceleration threshold in pixels (i.e. after how many pixels
- pointer acceleration should take effect).
- .TP 8
- .B \-to \fIseconds\fP
- sets default connection timeout in seconds.
- .TP 8
- .B tty\fIxx\fP
- ignored, for servers started the ancient way (from init).
- .TP 8
- .B v
- sets video-on screen-saver preference.
- .TP 8
- .B \-v
- sets video-off screen-saver preference.
- .TP 8
- .B \-wm
- forces the default backing-store of all windows to be WhenMapped;
- a cheap trick way of getting backing-store to apply to all windows.
- .TP 8
- .B \-x \fIextension\fP
- loads the specified extension at init.
- Not supported in most implementations.
- .PP
- You can also have the X server connect to xdm using XDMCP. Although this is
- not typically useful as it doesn't allow xdm to manage the server process,
- it can be used to debug XDMCP implementations, and servers as a sample
- implementation of the server side of XDMCP. For more information on this
- protocol, see the XDMCP specification in docs/XDMCP/xdmcp.ms. The following
- options control the behavior of XDMCP.
- .TP 8
- .B \-query \fIhost-name\fP
- Enable XDMCP and send Query packets to the specified host.
- .TP 8
- .B \-broadcast
- Enable XDMCP and broadcast BroadcastQuery packets to the network. The
- first responding display manager will be chosen for the session.
- .TP 8
- .B \-indirect \fIhost-name\fP
- Enable XDMCP and send IndirectQuery packets to the specified host.
- .TP 8
- .B \-port \fIport-num\fP
- Use an alternate port number for XDMCP packets. Must be specified before
- any -query, -broadcast or -indirect options.
- .TP 8
- .B \-once
- Normally, the server keeps starting sessions, one after the other. This
- option makes the server exit after the first session is over.
- .TP 8
- .B \-class \fIdisplay-class\fP
- XDMCP has an additional display qualifier used in resource lookup for
- display-specific options. This option sets that value, by default it
- is "MIT-Unspecified" (not a very useful value).
- .TP 8
- .B \-cookie \fIxdm-auth-bits\fP
- When testing XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1, a private key is shared between the
- server and the manager. This option sets the value of that private
- data (not that it's very private, being on the command line and all...).
- .TP 8
- .B \-displayID \fIdisplay-id\fP
- Yet another XDMCP specific value, this one allows the display manager to
- identify each display so that it can locate the shared key.
- .PP
- Many servers also have device-specific command line options. See the
- manual pages for the individual servers for more details.
- .SH "SECURITY"
- .PP
- The sample server implements a simplistic authorization protocol,
- MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 which uses data private to authorized clients and the
- server. This is a rather trivial scheme; if the client passes authorization
- data which is the same as the server has, it is allowed access. This scheme
- is worse than the host-based access control mechanisms in environments with
- unsecure networks as it allows any host to connect, given that it has
- discovered the private key. But in many environments, this level of
- security is better than the host-based scheme as it allows access control
- per-user instead of per-host.
- .PP
- In addition, the server provides support for a DES-based authorization
- scheme, XDM-AUTHORIZATION-1, which is more secure (given a secure key
- distribution mechanism), but as DES is not generally distributable, the
- implementation is missing routines to encrypt and decrypt the authorization
- data. This authorization scheme can be used in conjunction with XDMCP's
- authentication scheme, XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1 or in isolation.
- .PP
- The authorization data is passed to the server in a private file named with
- the \fB-auth\fP command line option. Each time the server is about to
- accept the first connection after a reset (or when the server is starting),
- it reads this file. If this file contains any authorization records, the
- local host is not automatically allowed access to the server, and only
- clients which send one of the authorization records contained in the file in
- the connection setup information will be allowed access. See the \fIXau\fP
- manual page for a description of the binary format of this file.
- Maintenance of this file, and distribution of its contents to remote sites
- for use there is left as an exercise for the reader.
- .PP
- The sample server also uses a host-based access control list for deciding
- whether or not to accept connections from clients on a particular machine.
- This list initially consists of the host on which the server is running as
- well as any machines listed in the file \fI/etc/X\fBn\fI.hosts\fR, where
- \fBn\fP is the display number of the server. Each line of the file should
- contain either an Internet hostname (e.g. expo.lcs.mit.edu) or a DECnet
- hostname in double colon format (e.g. hydra::). There should be no leading
- or trailing spaces on any lines. For example:
- .sp
- .in +8
- .nf
- joesworkstation
- corporate.company.com
- star::
- bigcpu::
- .fi
- .in -8
- .PP
- Users can add or remove hosts from this list and enable or disable access
- control using the \fIxhost\fP command from the same machine as the server.
- For example:
- .sp
- .in +8
- .nf
- % xhost +janesworkstation
- janesworkstation being added to access control list
- % xhost -star::
- public:: being removed from access control list
- % xhost +
- all hosts being allowed (access control disabled)
- % xhost -
- all hosts being restricted (access control enabled)
- % xhost
- access control enabled (only the following hosts are allowed)
- joesworkstation
- janesworkstation
- corporate.company.com
- bigcpu::
- .fi
- .in -8
- .PP
- Unlike some window systems, X does not have any notion of window operation
- permissions or place any restrictions on what a client can do; if a program can
- connect to a display, it has full run of the screen. Sites that have better
- authentication and authorization systems (such as Kerberos) might wish to make
- use of the hooks in the libraries and the server to provide additional
- security models.
- .SH "SIGNALS"
- The sample server attaches special meaning to the following signals:
- .TP 8
- .I SIGHUP
- This signal causes the server to close all existing connections, free all
- resources, and restore all defaults. It is sent by the display manager
- whenever the main user's main application (usually an \fIxterm\fP or window
- manager) exits to force the server to clean up and prepare for the next
- user.
- .TP 8
- .I SIGTERM
- This signal causes the server to exit cleanly.
- .TP 8
- .I SIGUSR1
- This signal is used quite differently from either of the above. When the
- server starts, it checks to see if it has inherited SIGUSR1 as SIG_IGN
- instead of the usual SIG_DFL. In this case, the server sends a SIGUSR1 to
- it's parent process after it has set up the various connection schemes. Xdm
- uses this feature to recognize when connecting to the server is possible.
- .SH "FONTS"
- Fonts are usually stored as individual files in directories. The list of
- directories in which the server looks when trying to open a font is controlled
- by the \fIfont path\fP. Although most sites will choose to have the server
- start up with the appropriate font path (using the \fI-fp\fP option mentioned
- above), it can be overridden using the \fIxset\fP program.
- .PP
- The default font path for
- the sample server contains four directories:
- .TP 8
- .I /X11/R4/lib/fonts/misc/md
- This directory contains several miscellaneous fonts that are useful on all
- systems. It contains a very small family of fixed-width fonts (\fB6x10\fP,
- \fB6x12\fP, \fB6x13\fP, \fB8x13\fP, \fB8x13bold\fP, and \fB9x15\fP) and the
- cursor font. It also has font name aliases for the commonly used fonts
- \fBfixed\fP and \fBvariable\fP.
- .TP 8
- .I /X11/R4/lib/fonts/75dpi/md
- This directory contains fonts contributed by Adobe Systems, Inc. and
- Digital Equipment Corporation and by Bitstream, Inc.
- for 75 dots per inch displays. An integrated selection of sizes, styles,
- and weights are provided for each family.
- .TP 8
- .I /X11/R4/lib/fonts/100dpi/md
- This directory contains versions of
- the fonts in the \fI75dpi\fP directory
- for 100 dots per inch displays.
- .TP 8
- .I /X11/R4/lib/fonts/xproof/md
- This directory contains special fonts required by the
- \fIxproof(1)\fP ditroff previewer.
- .PP
- Font databases are created by running the \fImkfontdir\fP program in the
- directory containing the compiled versions of the fonts (the \fI.snf\fP files).
- Whenever fonts are added to a directory, \fImkfontdir\fP should be rerun
- so that the server can find the new fonts. \fBIf \fImkfontdir\fP is not
- run, the server will not be able to find any fonts in the directory.\fR
- .SH DIAGNOSTICS
- Too numerous to list them all.
- If run from \fIinit(8)\fP, errors are logged in the file \fI/usr/adm/X*msgs\fP,
- .SH FILES
- .TP 30
- /etc/X*.hosts
- Initial access control list
- .TP 30
- /X11/R4/lib/fonts/misc, /X11/R4/lib/fonts/75dpi, /X11/R4/lib/fonts/100dpi, /X11/R4/lib/fonts/xproof
- Font directories
- .TP 30
- /X11/R4/lib/rgb/rgb.txt
- Color database
- .TP 30
- /hosts/\fIhostname\fP/X*
- Sprite pseudo-device
- .TP 30
- /usr/adm/X*msgs
- Error log file
- .SH "SEE ALSO"
- X(1), xdm(1), mkfontdir(1),
- xinit(1), xterm(1), twm(1), xhost(1), xset(1), xsetroot(1),
- ttys(5), init(8), Xqdss(1), Xqvss(1), Xsun(1), Xapollo(1), XmacII(1)
- .I "X Window System Protocol,"
- .I "Definition of the Porting Layer for the X v11 Sample Server,"
- .I "Strategies for Porting the X v11 Sample Server,"
- .I "Godzilla's Guide to Porting the X V11 Sample Server"
- .SH BUGS
- The option syntax is inconsistent with itself and \fIxset(1)\fP.
- .PP
- The acceleration option should take a numerator and a denominator like the
- protocol.
- .PP
- If
- .I X
- dies before its clients, new clients won't be able to connect until all
- existing connections have their TCP TIME_WAIT timers expire.
- .PP
- The color database is missing a large number of colors. However, there
- doesn't seem to be a better one available that can generate RGB values
- tailorable to particular displays.
- .PP
- .SH COPYRIGHT
- Copyright 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
- .br
- See \fIX(1)\fP for a full statement of rights and permissions.
- .SH AUTHORS
- The sample server was originally written by Susan Angebranndt, Raymond
- Drewry, Philip Karlton, and Todd Newman, from Digital Equipment
- Corporation, with support from a large cast. It has since been
- extensively rewritten by Keith Packard and Bob Scheifler, from MIT.
- @
-
-
- 1.1
- log
- @Initial revision
- @
- text
- @d61 4
- a64 3
- .I "Unix Domain"
- The sample server uses \fI/tmp/.X11-unix/X\fBn\fR as the filename for
- the socket, where \fIn\fP is the display number.
- d330 1
- a330 1
- the sample server contains three directories:
- d332 1
- a332 1
- .I /usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc
- d339 1
- a339 1
- .I /usr/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi
- d345 1
- a345 1
- .I /usr/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi
- d349 4
- d367 1
- a367 1
- /usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc, /usr/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi, /usr/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi
- d370 1
- a370 1
- /usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt
- d373 2
- a374 2
- /tmp/.X11-unix/X*
- Unix domain socket
- @
-